Background: We have previously shown that lymphopenia and monocytopenia at 2ââ?¬â??3 months post-allogeneic\nhaematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is associated with poor survival in recipients of both myeloablative and\nreduced intensity conditioning regimens. It is not known whether the graft leukocyte content has a role in early\nlymphocyte and monocyte recovery following allogeneic T-cell replete peripheral blood HCT.\nMethods: Haematologic recovery data, including absolute lymphocyte and monocyte counts (ALC and AMC,\nrespectively) at day +15, +30, +60, and +100, and outcomes data were pooled from two prior independent cohorts,\nand parameters were correlated with leukocyte graft content in those individuals receiving peripheral blood\nprogenitor cell grafts. 216 consecutive patients from 2001ââ?¬â??2010 were included in the analysis.\nResults: Neither infused allograft lymphocyte, monocyte, granulocyte, nor CD34+ cell number per kilogram\nrecipient body weight correlated with haematologic recovery parameters or overall survival in this cohort.\nPrognostic factors for overall survival based on multivariate analysis were as expected from the results of the\nprevious independent cohorts and included severity of chronic GVHD (p < 0.001), development of post-transplant\nrelapse (p = 0.001), day +60 AMC > 0.3 x 109 cells/L (p = 0.0015), and day +100 ALC > 0.3 x 109 cells/L (p < 0.001).\nLow monocyte and lymphocyte counts at the day +60 and day +100 time points were significantly associated with\nacute GVHD and/or CMV viraemia.\nConclusions: This study suggests that graft cell count does not influence post-transplant monocyte and lymphocyte\nrecovery following T-cell replete allogeneic peripheral blood HCT. Post-transplant complications such as acute\nGVHD and/or CMV viraemia negatively influenced monocyte and lymphocyte recovery, and hence the survival.\nFurther studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms behind sustained lymphopenia and monocytopenia\npost-transplant are needed.
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